Global Warming

           Understanding And The Impact of Global Warming According to the experts - Global warming (UK: global warming) is the process of increasing the average temperature of the atmosphere, ocean, and land Earth. Global average temperature at Earth's surface has increased by 0.74 ± 00:18 ° C (± 01:33 00:32 ° F) over the last hundred years. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, Global Warming is the increase in the average temperature of the earth's surface both past and is happening today. This event is largely influenced by the events of the greenhouse effect in the Earth's atmosphere. The global warming that causes climate change, and global pemanasna is one aspect.

            New Mexico Solar Energy Association, the United States defines global warming as an increase in temperature / average temperature of the earth's surface as a result of the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect itself is an event where trapping heat on Earth because of blocked gas emissions such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to emissions of motor vehicles, factory pollution and forest fires. Meanwhile, according to the Natural Resources Defense Council is the biggest environmental and humanitarian crises that occur at this time. Earth's atmosphere is filled by heat being trapped by carbon dioxide gas that could threaten catastrophic climate change and earth. NRDC also urged us to act against global warming.

            The National Wildlife Federation global mean warming in its official website as the event that is increasingly hot, increasingly heavy rains and floods, more intense storms and droughts are increasingly becoming. Such events are a real impact caused by global warming. Global warming also changed the landscape of life on and off many species.

            The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that, "the majority of the increase in global average temperatures since the mid 20th century, most likely caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases due to human activities" through the greenhouse effect. These basic conclusions have been put forward by at least 30 scientific and academic bodies, including all national science academies of the G8 countries. However, there are some scientists who do not agree with some of the conclusions of the IPCC states.

            Climate models referenced by the IPCC project shows global surface temperature will increase by 1.1 to 6.4 ° C (2.0 to 11.5 ° F) between 1990 and 2100. The difference in estimates was caused by the use of different scenarios regarding gas greenhouse gas emissions in the future, as well as models with differing climate sensitivity. Although most studies have focused on the period up to 2100, warming and sea level rise is expected to continue for more than a thousand years even if greenhouse gas emission levels have stabilized. This reflects the large heat capacity of the oceans.

            Increasing global temperature will lead to other changes such as rising sea levels, increased intensity of extreme weather phenomena, as well as changes in the amount and pattern of precipitation. The effects of global warming include its impact on agriculture, loss of glaciers and the extinction of various animal species. Some things that scientists are still unsure about the amount of warming expected to occur in the future, and how warming and changes that occur will vary from one region to another. Until now there is still political and public debate in the world about what, if any, action should be taken to reduce or reverse the further warming or to adapt to the consequences there. Most governments in the world have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

            The first cause of Global Warming is a greenhouse effect. All sources of energy on earth comes from the sun. Most of the energy in the form of short-wave radiation, including visible light. When this energy arrives surface of the Earth, he turned on the light into heat that warms the earth. Earth's surface will absorb some of the heat and reflect the rest. Some of this real hot wavelengths of infrared radiation into space. However, some residual heat trapped in the Earth's atmosphere as a result of the accumulated amount of greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and methane that become traps for this radiation. These gases absorb and reflect radiation emitted by the Earth and consequently the heat stored in the earth's surface. This situation occurs continuously, so that the annual average temperature of the earth continues to increase.

            These gases work in the greenhouse gases. With the increase in the concentration of these gases in the atmosphere, the more heat is trapped below. The greenhouse effect is greatly needed by all living things on earth, because without it, the planet would be very cool. With an average temperature of 15 ° C (59 ° F), the earth actually had more hot 33 ° C (59 ° F) from its original temperature, if there is no greenhouse effect the earth's temperature is only -18 ° C so that the ice will cover the surface the entire earth. But on the contrary, if the gas has been exaggerated in the atmosphere, will lead to global warming.

            The second is a feedback effect, the elements of the cause of global warming is also influenced by various feedback processes that result. An example is the evaporation of water. In the case of warming due to greenhouse gases such as CO2, warming will initially cause greater volumes of water that evaporates into the atmosphere. Because water vapor is a greenhouse gas, the heating will be sustained and will continue to increase the quota of water vapor in the air to achieve equilibrium concentration of water vapor. Greenhouse effect is greater than the effect of CO2 alone. Although this feedback raises the absolute water content in the air, the relative humidity of the air is almost constant or even fall because the air becomes more hangat.Umpan behind this only affects slow because CO2 has a long time in the atmosphere.

            The other cause is the presence of solar variability. Variations of the Sun for 30 years. There is a hypothesis that variations in the sun, with the possibility reinforced by the feedback from the cloud, can contribute to warming today. The difference between this mechanism with the warming due to the greenhouse effect is the increased activity of the sun will heat the stratosphere reverse the greenhouse effect cools the stratosphere. Cooling of the lower stratosphere has been observed at least since 1960, that will not happen when solar activity is a major contributor to recent warming. Thinning of the ozone layer also can provide a cooling effect but the depletion occurs from the end of 1970. The phenomenon of solar variability combined with volcanic activity may have given the warming effect from pre-industrial times to 1950, as well as the cooling effect since 1950.

            In addition to the cause, while the impact of global warming. Scientists using computer models of temperature, precipitation patterns, and atmospheric circulation to study global warming. Based on these models, scientists have made some forecasts about the impact of global warming on weather, sea levels, coasts, agriculture, wildlife and human health. Impact is clearly seen is unstable climate started. Scientists predict that during global warming, the northern regions of the northern hemisphere (Northern Hemisphere) will warm faster than other regions on Earth. As a result, icebergs will melt and the earth will shrink. Will be less ice floating in the waters of the North. Areas that previously suffered mild snow, probably will not get it again.

            The subtropical mountains, snow-covered portion will shrink and will melt faster. The planting season will be longer in some areas. The temperature in winter and at night will tend to increase. Warm area will become more humid because more water evaporates from the oceans. Scientists are not yet sure whether the moisture will actually increase or decrease further warming. This is because water vapor is a greenhouse gas, so its presence will increase the insulation effect of the atmosphere.

            However, more water vapor will form more clouds, so that would reflect sunlight back into space, where it will lower the heating process (see water cycle). High humidity will increase an average rainfall of about 1 percent for every degree Fahrenheit warming. Rainfall across the world has increased by 1 percent in the last hundred years. Storms will become more frequent. In addition, the water will evaporate more quickly from the ground. As a result, some areas will become drier than ever. The wind will blow harder and probably with different patterns. Typhoons (hurricanes) that draws its strength from the evaporation of water, will be greater. Contrary to the warming that occurred, some very cold periods may occur. Weather patterns become less predictable and more extreme.

            In addition to stabilizing climate, sea level Enhancement also includes the impact of global warming. Changes in the average height of the sea level measured from the area with geologically stable environment. When the atmosphere warms, the surface layer of the oceans will also be warmed up, so that the volume will expand and increase the sea level. Warming will also melt a lot of ice at the poles, especially around Greenland, which will raise the volume of water in the ocean. Sea levels around the world have increased by 10-25 cm (4-10 inches) during the 20th century, and the IPCC scientists predict a further rise of 9-88 cm (4-35 inches) in the 21st century.

            Changes in sea level will greatly affect life in coastal areas. The increase in 100 cm (40 inches) would drown 6 percent of the Dutch area, 17.5 percent of the region of Bangladesh, and many islands. Erosion of cliffs, beaches and sand dunes will increase. When it reaches the mouth of the open sea, tidal flooding will increase in the mainland. Rich countries will spend huge amounts of money to protect coastal areas, while the poor countries may only be able to evacuate people from coastal regions. Even a small rise in sea level will affect coastal ecosystems. The emergence of 50 cm (20 inches) would submerge half of coastal marshes in the United States. The new swamp will also be established, but not in urban areas and areas that are already built. Rise in sea level would cover most of the Everglades, Florida.

            Global Temperatures are Tending to Rise other impacts of global warming. One might assume that a warm earth will produce more food than ever before, but it is actually not the same in some places. The southern part of Canada, for example, may benefit from higher rainfall and long growing season. On the other hand, semi-arid tropical agricultural land in some parts of Africa may not be able to grow. Desert agricultural areas that use irrigation water from the mountains may suffer if the snowpack (snow collection) winter, which serves as a natural reservoir, will melt before the peak month of the growing season. Food crops and forest insect and disease attack more powerful.

            And the other is the impact of Ecological Disturbance, animals and plants into living creatures that are difficult to avoid the effects of global pemanasa because most of the land is controlled by humans. In global warming, animals tend to migrate towards the poles and up the mountains. Plants will change the direction of growth, seeking new areas as old habitats become too warm. However, human development will inhibit this displacement. Species that migrate north or south that are blocked by cities or agricultural lands may be dead. Some types of species that are not able to move quickly towards the poles may also be destroyed.

            Social and political impact that looks not too related to global warming, it also includes the impact due to global warming. Changes in weather and ocean can cause the appearance of heat-related illness (heat stroke) and death. Hot temperatures can also cause crop failure resulting in hunger and malnutrition. Extreme weather and rising levels due to melting sea ice in the Arctic could lead to diseases associated with natural disasters (floods, storms and fires) and deaths due to trauma. The emergence of natural disasters are usually accompanied by migration to places of refuge where frequent diseases, such as diarrhea, malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, psychological trauma, skin diseases, and others. Ecosystem shifts can have an impact on the spread of waterborne diseases (waterborne diseases) as well as the spread of disease vectors (vectors). Such as an increase in the incidence of dengue fever since the advent of space (ecosystem) mosquitoes breed.

            With climate change, there are several species of disease vectors (Aedes aegypti), viruses, bacteria, plasmodium become more resistant to certain drugs targeted at these organisms. In addition, it is estimated that there are some natural species will adapt or become extinct because of this extreme perbuhan ecosystems will also affect climate change (climate change) that can cause an increase in certain diseases such as acute respiratory infection (drought / forest fires, DBD Linkages with erratic rainy season). Gradation environment caused by waste pollution in the river also contributes to waterborne diseases and disease vectors. Coupled with the air pollution emissions from uncontrolled gas plant will further contribute to respiratory diseases such as asthma, allergies, coccidioidomycosis, chronic heart and lung disease, and others.

            As for how to tackle global warming by (Soekidjo Notoatmodjo, 2007. Public Health: Science and Art. The Issuing PT Rineka Copyright: Jakarta). The first is by way of Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency. Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency is one way to tackle global warming. The energy savings do not solely for economic reasons, but for reasons of energy conservation. The industrial world is the greatest potential for energy savings, where most of the energy is consumed. Additional energy savings are households and the transport sector, both in the use of electricity or other fuels. So one way to tackle global warming by conserving energy and energy efficiency.

            Secondly, Swapping Fuel. How to cope with global warming is to swap the fuel. Greenhouse gas emissions from the use of fossil fuels or petroleum that vary or replace it with fuel from biogas raw materials or vegetation. For the production of heat or electricity amount the same, natural gas produces carbon dioxide is 40% lower compared to coal and approximately 25% lower than oil. By swapping the fuel source from oil to natural gas and biogas may mengurasi carbon dioxide emissions. So how to tackle global warming by swapping fossil fuels or petroleum into fuel from plants or biogas.

            Third, by Reforestation. One way to tackle global warming by performing reoisasi forest. To absorb 10% of carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere, can be done with the plant area of ​​Turkey or Zambia, while to absorb all the necessary annual emissions planting area of ​​australia. So how to tackle global warming by doing reforestation, if development continues without offset by the planting of forests that occurs is global warming. The fourth is the renewable energy technology. How to cope with global warming that is next with renewable energy technologies. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions can be done by developing a technology that can reduce emissions causing the greenhouse effect, such as hydropower, solar water heaters, the use of wind power in the conversion into electricity or catching methane from the trash and human or animal waste into energy or electricity.

            And the latter is by elimination of CFCs. One way to combat global warming is to eliminate CFCs. Elimination of CFCs is necessary because these gases can contribute 20% of the greenhouse effect in 2030 will be. Therefore, action must be taken immediately to remove the use of CFC as a whole. Replacement of Freon gas with another gas in the system or air conditioning equipment needs to be done immediately. So how to tackle global warming by reducing, even eliminating the use of CFCs in everyday life.

Source:

Soekidjo Notoatmodjo, 2007. Kesehatan Masyarakat : Ilmu dan Seni. Yang Menerbitkan PT Rineka Cipta : Jakarta

http://www.dosenpendidikan.com/pengertian-dan-dampak-global-warming-menurut-para-ahli/

http://forum.kompas.com/green-global-warming/347148-pengertian-global-warming-menurut-para-ahli.html

Learning English

           If it is said that learning English is difficult, my answer is yes. Because I have learned English more than 10 years, since my primary school until today. I learn English not only discussed in school or college, but I was more than 3 times move English language courses since elementary school until now. But if I could speak English very well? The answer is no, I can only read and write in English, but still not good enough.

            I want to be able to speak English properly, because if do not speak English, to find a job will be quite difficult. Companies in Indonesia today is very selective about choosing candidates for the workers, the minimum should be able to speak English, because English is the international language that required everyone mastered. But in Indonesia itself there are still many who have not mastered the English language well.

            Learning English is to learn the language, if at say learning the language it would be appropriate to say daily habits. Because they can always, it is a thing that we often hear. Like a child in learning to speak, of course, be because it is often trained by his mother, a habit that eventually smoothly by itself without the need for schools to be able to call baby mama papa. So it is with learning English if trained continuously become a habit, then by itself be smooth and fluent. I until now still trying by means of its own to learn English.

            According to the article I read in ESL go.com, the first step to be able to speak English we should diligently read, learn to read English magazines, newspapers in English, English articles. Replacing the story books in English, and do not dwell on the circumstances that make us lazy to read. Read even if we only understand a little, learn diligently repeat what is read, and diligently inquired if what you've read seem elusive.

            Both are diligent listening to songs in English of course, it is also one quick way to learn English. Do not just listen, need to be followed diligently trying to interpret the lyrics of the song. If you find any difficulty in interpreting the words, then the diligent open dictionary. All facilities have been provided, just waiting for the determination to carry it out. Then the last one is diligent practice, do not be shy to try. 'Experience is a good teacher', they are managed is ever a failure, but try again. Can speak English or not all depends on yourself.

            It is now being I try to apply, even though in the beginning of the small things. Because I am including a quitter in doing something that has often failed. Whereas in the English language, we must have strong determination, so that we can speak English well. Actually, for me that is difficult to learn English is located in the use of grammar, which makes me lazy to learn English. Most people grammarnya ability better than its vocabulary, or known as vocabulary. But others have a better vocabulary abilities than his grammar abilities. I was of the most prang which has kemampuang vocabulary better than his grammar abilities. But in both cases the English language should be able to do it well.

            Bell English Online website, english-at-home and English for free which is the online English language learning website explains how the importance of learning grammar and vocabulary in English. Explained that many argue that the grammar can be under-two when learning English, which is important people understand our intentions. Because it is too focused on grammar makes us so busy thinking "Bener or not its grammar? Use the word 'been' or not ", which prevents us to practice.

            This is true as well, but keep in mind the grammar or sentence structure is crucial in the sense, that if one bit can mengakibatkansalah fatal misunderstanding. For example, when we want to ask someone from anywhere he goes, correct sentence is "where have you been?", If we're wrong grammar to be "where are you from" would have been much different meaning, although literally two sentences have meaning "of where ".

            And the importance of Vocabulary, namely Vocabulary or commonly called Vocab is a vocabulary that we have mastered. Of course this is important because the more vocabulary we have, the more that we can say in English. Then in learning English, the more important vocabulary or grammar? Both are equally important, it's just good to us multiply our vocab before compile them into the proper grammar. Because if the master grammar well, but weak in vocabulary, we will have difficulty in speaking. Conversely, if we master the vocabulary but weak in grammar, misunderstandings can occur. As David Wilkins said "Without grammar, little can be conveyed. Without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed. "

            Learning English by using ways - ways that have been mentioned, may be making us motivated to learn English better. The point is to learn English is with determination and tried as best as possible. With determination and a good effort, learning English becomes easier. That is what makes my motivation to learn English better. 

Active Setences and Passive Sentences

Definition of Active Setences and Passive Sentences :

            Active Voice (Sentence On) is the subject of his sentences do something or do a job. In the characteristics of Indonesian active sentence is the verb is always beginning with "his" and several more have the prefix "ber-".

            Passive Voice (Passive Sentences) is the subject of his sentence subject to a job or suffer a. In other words, the subject of the sentence is being targeted activity expressed by the verb. In Indonesian characteristics of passive voice is beginning with the verb "be" and some again have the prefix "most" (depending on the context of the sentence).

            Active voice is more often used in everyday life compared with the passive voice. However, we often find passive voice in newspapers, articles in magazines and scholarly writings.

Formulation of Active Sentence and  Passive Sentences :

Example of Sentences

Change from active to passive sentences:

1.      Simple Present

Aktif   : I eat that cake

Pasif    : That Cake is eaten by me

2.    Present Future

Aktif   : My boss will accept my plan

Pasif    : My plan will be accepted by my boss

3.      Present Perfect

Aktif   : He has written a letter

Pasif    : A letter has been written by him

4.      Present Continous

Aktif   : They are destroying that big building

Pasif    : That big building is being destroyed

5.      Present Future Perfect

Aktif   : Next month, he will have finished his paper

Pasif    : Next month, his paper will have been finished by him

6.      Present Future Continous

Aktif   : I am sure my boss will have been firing me

Pasif    : I am sure I will have been being fired by my boss

7.      Present Perfect Continous

Aktif   : I have been fixing your phone

Pasif    : Your phone has been being fixed by me

8.      Present Future Perfect Continous

Aktif   : They will have been killing me

Pasif    : I will have been being killed by them

9.      Past Perfect

Aktif   : You had eaten the food

Pasif    : The food had been eaten by you

10.  Present Continous

Aktif   : Donghae is cooking a fried rice

Pasif    : A fried rice is being cooked

Passive sentence changes into Active:

1.      Present Future

Pasif    : The exercise will be done by me

Aktif   : I will do the exercise

2.      Present Perfect

Pasif    : The pen has been taken by him

Aktif   : Siwon has taken the pen

3.      Simple Present

Pasif    : Krystal is bitten by Minho

Aktif   : Minho bites krystal

4.      Present Continous

Pasif    : A flower is being drawn

Aktif   : Tiffany is drawing a flower

5.      Present Future Perfect

Pasif    : All the tasks will have been finished by them

Aktif   : They are will have finished all the tasks

6.      Present Future Continous

Pasif    : The dinner will have been being cooked soon by us

Aktif   : We will have been cooking the dinner soon

7.      Present Future Perfect Continous

Pasif    : The truth will have been being told by him

Aktif   : Kyuhyun will have been telling me the truth

8.      Simple Past

Pasif    : I was told by my mother

Aktif   : My mother told me

9.      Past Future Perfect

Pasif    : We would have been taught by our teacherfor one year

Aktif   : Our teacher would have taught us for one year

10.  Past Future Continous

Pasif    : The house would be being cleaned by us

Aktif   : We would be cleaning the house

BIBLIOGRAFI

http://inggrisonline.com/pengertian-rumus-dan-contoh-kalimat-passive-voice-pada-16-tense/

http://letsgostudyenglish.blogspot.com/2014/07/pengertian-contoh-dan-rumus-passive.html

http://www.iqbalpajatapuih.com/2014/09/penjelasan-dan-contoh-kalimat-aktif-dan.html

My Hobbies

            Hallo, My name is Desyria Pratiwi. You can call me Desy or Desyria. Here, I will tell my hobby or favorite. From my hobby when he was in college, home, or outside the home or on vacation. My hobbies are listening to music on campus and also online on social media when there is no faculty or during hours of courses currently empty. Not only was my hobby when he was in college, my other hobby is chatting with friends to simply unwind, when it was a day of learning. My hobby is sometimes made me forget the time, because it was too busy chatting.

            My hobby at home that much. Starting from listening to music, watching korean drama DVD, watching korean movie DVD, watching Variety Show “Running Man”, streaming youtube, searching the latest news from Korean celebrities, online social media, and are certainly watching TV. I'll tell you beforehand, the reason I really like listening to music at home or on campus, because I listened to the song I thought it would be fresh. But the songs that I listen to is the songs of ginseng country, South Korea. In addition to Korean songs I do not like it, but it does not mean I do not like it at all, I just do not like it just a little bit.

            My hobby is watching Korean drama DVD and watch a DVD movie Korea, the reason because I really liked the story and the message that is in it. And Drama Korean or Korean movie is different from the current soap opera. Moreover, if a player plays the Korean and Korean movies are handsome and pretty ones, which makes me more and more like it.

            My next hobby is watching a variety show "Running Man" who came from South Korea. I really liked watching the "Running Man" because the event impressed me with games or challenges is amazing. And also the event can make me be fresh, with jokes that sometimes in catapult by the players "Running Man". Moreover, in the event always displays Korean artists, both from the performers or of the South Korea's top singers. I love to watch Movie streaming youtube video of the Korean singers or watch programs TV stations in South Korea. And I also really like to find the latest news from Korean artists, so I know the latest things about Korean artist and also the things that happened in Korea. For my hobby online in social media and watching TV are the usual things done by almost everyone. So I do not have a specific reason, for my hobby.

            The latter is my hobby when outside the home or during holidays. My hobby is a trip to the mall or a walk to the sights, play with friends during high school, and sometimes I take advantage of the time off to spend time with family at home or walk with family.

            That's my hobby into my routine at home, on campus and during the holidays. and also the reasons that I do my hobby. Thank you, read the description or story about my hobby.